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Neuraminidase inhibitors are a class of drugs which block the neuraminidase enzyme. They are commonly used as antiviral drugs because they block the function of viral neuraminidases of the influenza virus, by preventing its reproduction by budding from the host cell. Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) a prodrug, Zanamivir (Relenza), Laninamivir (Inavir), and Peramivir belong to this class. Unlike the M2 inhibitors, which work only against the influenza A, neuraminidase inhibitors act against both influenza A and influenza B.〔(This flash animation shows the mode of action of oseltamivir (Tamiflu) ). pharmasquare.org〕〔(Replication of influenza virus ). mvm.ed.ac.uk〕 The neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir were approved in the US and Europe for treatment and prevention of influenza A and B. The efficacy was highly debated in recent years. The benefits of neuraminidase inhibitors in those who are otherwise healthy do not appear to outweigh its risks. The combination of diagnostic uncertainty, the risk for virus strain resistance, possible side effects and financial cost outweigh the small benefits of oseltamivir or zanamivir for the prophylaxis and treatment of healthy individuals. No benefit of treatment, on hospitalization, complications or risk of death has been found in randomized trials in those people at high risk for complications or the elderly.〔 The United States Centers for Disease Control continues to recommend the use of oseltamavir treatment for people at high risk for complications and the elderly and those at lower risk who present within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CDC Online Newsroom - "Have You Heard?" Archive: 2014 - Influenza A Variant Virus )〕 Common side effects include nausea and vomiting. For oseltamivir there were neuropsychiatric effects and for zanamivir bronchoconstriction occurred. ==Specific neuraminidase inhibitors== *Laninamivir *Oseltamivir (Tamiflu) *Peramivir *Zanamivir (Relenza) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「neuraminidase inhibitor」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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